British newspaper coverage of the Tibet issue over time, 1949–2009: representations of repression and resistance

News media play a significant role in shaping the national image of other countries, especially in the context of China (PRC). They have been and remain the main source of information for the British public about developments in China but representations evolve over time. This thesis examines how a particular aspect of China s state actions has been reported. The study examines how the national imagery of China and Tibet has been represented in the British national press over the Cold War period and beyond. This study investigates media representations of the Tibetan conflict and how the events related to this were represented and portrayed in the British national daily newspapers from 1949 to 2009. It examines the frames chosen by the press and the influence of the sources (especially external journalistic influence) on the frame-building process. Through a comparison of coverage by the British newspapers over time, it determines the changing similarities and differences in representations of Tibet according to their partisanship and newspaper formats. The research involved a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative frame analysis. The research showed that generally there were greater similarities than differences in the way the British press represented the Tibet issue from 1949 to 2009. Only the pro-Communist Daily Working/Morning Star with a purely Communist canon of news values adopted a completely different framing strategy to report the events. Other British press aligned closely with the UK government by reproducing and reinforcing the dominant capitalist ideology. This political motivation resulted in their approval of stable and familiar frames. In addition, there were differences in the frame types used by the British press between the early Cold War, near the end of the Cold War and the post-Cold War periods. The year 1989 could be seen as a turning point. The research enriches the concept of Herman and Chomsky s propaganda model and contributes to existing media framing studies on Western media s representations of China

Analytical study of the holographic superconductor from higher derivative theory

In this paper, we analytically study the holographic superconductor models with the high derivative (HD) coupling terms. Using the Sturm-Liouville (SL) eigenvalue method, we perturbatively calculate the critical temperature. The analytical results are in good agreement with the numerical results. It confirms that the perturbative method in terms of the HD coupling parameters is available. Along the same line, we analytically calculate the value of the condensation near the critical temperature. We find that the phase transition is second order with mean field behavior, which is independent of the HD coupling parameters. Then in the low temperature limit, we also calculate the conductivity, which is qualitatively consistent with the numerical one. We find that the superconducting energy gap is proportional to the value of the condensation. But we note that since the condensation changes with the HD coupling parameters, as the function of the HD coupling parameters, the superconducting energy gap follows the same change trend as that of the condensation.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

On the spectrum of operators concerned with the reduced singular Cauchy integral

We investigate spectrums of the reduced singular Cauchy operator and its real and imaginary components

Macroautophagy substrates are loaded onto MHC class II of medullary thymic epithelial cells for central tolerance

The immune system is highly organized and multifunctional; it protects the organism against invading pathogens (immune response), while at the same time being tolerant to ‘self’ (immune tolerance). Central tolerance is achieved during T-cell development by negative selection via self-peptide-MHC complexes (pMHC) presented by thymic dendritic cells (tDCs) and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). However, how self-antigens are processed into peptides that further are shuttled onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) is not fully understood. One candidate pathway involved in this process is macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy hereafter), originally thought to solely be involved cellular housekeeping, has previously been implicated to contribute to MHC class II endogenous antigen presentation by TECs. This research project investigates the role of autophagy in negative selection by TECs. A model antigen was targeted specifically to the autophagosome in autoimmune regulator (Aire)+ mTECs. Transgenic mice expressing this antigen were generated. Experimental data indicated that the efficient direct presentation of this endogenous antigen by mTECs observed in vitro was sufficient to induce negative selection in vivo. By contrast, interference with autophagosomal processing of this antigen through exchange of one amino acid or disruption of an essential autophagy gene abolished endogenous antigen presentation by mTECs and impaired negative selection, which resulted in the escape of autoreactive CD4 T-cells. Moreover, further investigation showed that if the level of antigen expression was limited, autophagy-dependent direct presentation by mTECs was essential for T-cell deletion, while with sufficient amounts of antigen provided by mTECs, direct presentation by mTECs and indirect presentation by tDCs co-operated to induce central CD4 T-cell tolerance. These findings strongly suggest that the autophagy pathway contributes to CD4 T-cell tolerance induction by facilitating the loading of intracellular antigens onto MHC class II in mTECs

Motion Analysis of Live Objects by Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Motion analysis plays an important role in studing activities or behaviors of live objects in medicine, biotechnology, chemistry, physics, spectroscopy, nanotechnology, enzymology, and biological engineering. This paper briefly reviews the developments in this area mostly in the recent three years, especially for cellular analysis in fluorescence microscopy. The topic has received much attention with the increasing demands in biomedical applications. The tasks of motion analysis include detection and tracking of objects, as well as analysis of motion behavior, living activity, events, motion statistics, and so forth. In the last decades, hundreds of papers have been published in this research topic. They cover a wide area, such as investigation of cell, cancer, virus, sperm, microbe, karyogram, and so forth. These contributions are summarized in this review. Developed methods and practical examples are also introduced. The review is useful to people in the related field for easy referral of the state of the art

HYDRA: Hypergradient Data Relevance Analysis for Interpreting Deep Neural Networks

The behaviors of deep neural networks (DNNs) are notoriously resistant to human interpretations. In this paper, we propose Hypergradient Data Relevance Analysis, or HYDRA, which interprets the predictions made by DNNs as effects of their training data. Existing approaches generally estimate data contributions around the final model parameters and ignore how the training data shape the optimization trajectory. By unrolling the hypergradient of test loss w.r.t. the weights of training data, HYDRA assesses the contribution of training data toward test data points throughout the training trajectory. In order to accelerate computation, we remove the Hessian from the calculation and prove that, under moderate conditions, the approximation error is bounded. Corroborating this theoretical claim, empirical results indicate the error is indeed small. In addition, we quantitatively demonstrate that HYDRA outperforms influence functions in accurately estimating data contribution and detecting noisy data labels. The source code is available at https://github.com/cyyever/aaai_hydra_8686